What Do FTU, DTU, TTU and RTU Mean, and How Do They Differ?

Main difference: DTU is the client for SOCKET. Therefore, only DTU could not complete the wireless transmission of data and would need to be used in conjunction with back-office software. FTU and RTU differ as follows: FTU is small in size and quantity and can be placed on outdoor feed lines, with transformers, direct exchange of samples, high temperature resistance, cold resistance, and adaptation to the harsh outdoor environment; The installation of RTU in the household is environmentally demanding; the data collected by FTU is small, communication rates are lower and reliability requirements are higher; The RRU collects large amounts of data, has a high rate of communication, requires high reliability and has a dedicated channel. TTU is a single functional unit, which collects and controls information only for electrical transformers.

(Source: Electricity knowledge class ID: Voltage750kV)

PV feeder terminal (FTU)

1.1

Definitions

FTU is a switch-monitoring device installed near a feeder switch. These feeder switches refer to external pole switches, such as circuit breakers on the 10kV line, load switches, branch switches, etc. In general, one FTU requires the ability to monitor an on-board switch, mainly because of the fact that most of the on-board switches are decentralized and, in the case of the same pole, one FTU can monitor two on-board switches.

1.2

Characteristics

FTU uses advanced DSP digital signal processing technology, multi-CPU integration technology, high-speed industrial network communication technology, embedded real-time multitasking operating systems that are stable, reliable, good in real time, adaptable to the wide range of environments and powerful, and is a new generation of automated remote terminals that integrate telemetry, tele-communication, remote control, protection and communications. Automation works for urban, rural and enterprise distribution grids to complete the monitoring, control and protection of grid cabinets, pole switches and communications. The power supply is restored in conjunction with the electrical distribution station and the main station for normal monitoring and failure identification of distribution lines, quarantine and non-facility segments.

1.3

Functions

Telemetry

(1) Exchange of electrical measurements

Any combination of Ia, Ib, Ic, In, Uab, Ucb, Ua, Ub, Uc, Un, and so on, typically Uab and Ucb take each side of the switch and monitor the power supply at both ends of the feeder line.

(2) Two or three forms, which the software calculates as P, Q, Pa, Pb, Pc, f, cos, etc., to be uploaded as required by the main station;

(3) protect Ia, Ic ' s record upload;

(4) Straight current simulation: two paths, battery voltage, temperature, etc.

Telelink.

(1) Switch status signal, SOE;

(2) Switches to store signals and operate power;

(3) Pressure signals, etc.;

(4) Battery low voltage alert;

(5) Protection of movements and abnormal signals;

(6) Other status signals.

Remote

(1) Separation of switches, with more than two separations after failure of power;

(2) Battery maintenance;

(3) Protecting the remote return of signals;

(4) Other remote controls.

Data transfer function

The superior station will be able to communicate with it, and the information will be collected and processed upwards and subject to control orders from the superior station.

And higher school.

Information on other terminals is transmitted upwards.

Electric energy information forwards.

Active uploading of accident information (optional function).

Local maintenance of communication interfaces.

The Communications Statute: Supports the various Communications Statutes of DL/T 634.5101-2002 (IEC 60870-5-101), DL/T634.5104-2002 (IEC 60870-5-104), DL/T 451-91, DNP3.0, SC1801, MODBUS, etc., and may be expanded as necessary.

Communication interface: RS-232/485, Industrial Ethernet, CAN.

Communication channels: Many forms of communication, such as fibre optics, carrier waves, wireless amplifier, wireless digital transmission radios, CDMA, GPRS and ADSL, are supported and are optional to users.

Failure identification, quarantine, restoration of power supply and protection

It has fast-cut, delayed current protection (complex low voltage) and re-engineered, selected according to the feeder automation programme.

Monitoring of malfunctioning currents, recording of current times, maximum current values, reporting of electrical stations, main distribution stations.

The electrical distribution station, the main distribution station, based on current failure information and switch jump information reported by the switch FTU, based on the distribution grid transform structure dispersed and extended models, conducted a failure area determination, indicating the area of failure, creating a failure quarantine order sequence and a non-facing area to restore the power supply order sequence. Automatically or manually cross-dispatch.

Operation locally

The FTU has a split, shut-down button to operate in situ.

There are on-site/remotely selected switches, maintenance of discharge buttons, etc.

Network function

When FTU is set to be a contact switch, the switch is automatically controlled by the whole value, depending on the state of the PT on one or the other side. Contacts are prohibited when there is electricity on both sides of the switch. Where there is a need for networking, the main station is set up and confirmed. When power is out of supply on one side, automatic locking is allowed, under the FA programme and the main station, to be automatically controlled in order to quickly restore the power supply.

Set value down, upload

Quick determination value, energy performance;

(a) The passover constant, time constant, energy performance;

(b) Re-engineered the time and energy;

Network functionality set, canceled.

Local maintenance functions

Through standard communications maintenance interfaces on FTU, debugging and maintenance using specialized maintenance software.

These include parameter valuation configuration, inspection; telemetry, tele-mail, remote control, time-to-time test call; data upload, communications, etc.

Self-diagnosis, self-rehabilitation

A self-diagnostic function is used to record and report FTU memory, clock, I/O and so on.

Power UPS and battery maintenance functions

Provision of electricity for operating agencies, terminal equipment and communication devices.

The FTU is powered by a double power supply and is sustainable after a power outage on one side.

FTU is normally powered by the main power source, while batteries are recharged. The power supply on both sides is provided by batteries, and FTU can continue to work 24 hours (except for radio stations).

Battery low voltage alert protection.

Automatic maintenance of batteries: Battery maintenance orders issued by the dispatcher within a specified period of time, battery discharges started, discharges automatically ceased at low voltage of the battery, automatic switching to the main source of power, and batteries were recharged. Batteries are charged at constant pressure limits to ensure safety.

Zero 02 Closed office, ring cabinet terminal (DTU)

2.1

Definitions

DTUs are generally installed in conventional shut-down stations (stations), small outdoor shut-downs, circular cabinets, small transformer stations, box transformer stations, etc., to complete the collection and calculation of data on the location signals, voltage, currents, power power, powerlessness, power factor, electrical energy, etc., of switches, to achieve failure identification of feeder switches, isolation and restoration of power supply between non-facility areas.

2.2

Characteristics

1) An enhanced design using a standard 4U1/2 (full) container;

2) A post-plugging, whole panel, full closed design;

3) The pioneering of the Smart Plugin Program based on CANBUS bus has significantly reduced the Plugin Indirect Line, completely avoided the pitfall of the Plugin exposure and the high reliability of the operation of the device;

4) The introduction of the Smart Plugin Programme to standardize the motherboard of aircraft to facilitate production and on-site maintenance;

5) The different types of plug-ins in the devices ensure that they are not interoperable in the design of the structures and enhance overall safety;

6) The introduction of 32-D floating point SPs, which are systematic and advanced;

7) using 16-bit A/D to convert chips to achieve high sample accuracy;

8. The introduction of large-scale programmable logical chips to reduce peripheral circuits and improve reliability;

9) Design of large-capacity storage units to allow for full on-site demand for messages and accident recording;

10) Use of multi-layer printing panel circuits and SMT surface adhesion techniques, which are highly jamming-resistant;

11) Automatic calibration of back-tracking software to avoid debugging and reduce maintenance time such as on-site testing;

12) Supermagnetic compatibility capable of adapting to adverse working conditions;

13) A robust PC support tool with improved and flexible analytical software to facilitate accident analysis;

14) A simple and reliable protection processing system (DSP) combined with a mature real-time multi-mission operating system that ensures functional reliability while satisfying the real-time nature of network communications, human interfaces;

15) Support multiple communication interfaces such as RS232/RS485 and Enthernet, which are built in to make engineering applications simple and reliable;

(16) Support for standard statutes such as IEC60870-5-101, IEC60870-5-103, IEC60870-5-104;

(17) A stand-alone charge-keeping clock system and a GPS time-pacing system.

2.3

Functions

Telemetry

(1) Exchange of electrical measurements

Any combination of Ia, Ib, Ic, In, Uab, Ucb, Ua, Ub, Uc, Un, and so on, typically Uab and Ucb take each side of the switch and monitor the power supply at both ends of the feeder line.

(2) Two or three forms, which the software calculates as P, Q, Pa, Pb, Pc, f, cos, etc., to be uploaded as required by the main station;

(3) protect Ia, Ic ' s record upload;

(4) Straight current simulation: two paths, battery voltage, temperature, etc.

Telelink.

(1) Switch status signal, SOE;

(2) Switches to store signals and operate power;

(3) Pressure signals, etc.;

(4) Battery low voltage alert;

(5) Protection of movements and abnormal signals;

(6) Other status signals.

Remote

(1) Separation of switches, with more than two separations after failure of power;

(2) Battery maintenance;

(3) Protecting the remote return of signals;

(4) Other remote controls.

Data transfer function

The superior station will be able to communicate with it, and the information will be collected and processed upwards and subject to control orders from the superior station.

And higher school.

Information on other terminals is transmitted upwards.

Electric energy information forwards.

Active uploading of accident information (optional function).

Local maintenance of communication interfaces.

Communication interface: RS-232/485, Industrial Ethernet, CAN.

Fault identification, quarantine and resupply and protection

It has fast-cut, delayed current protection (complex low voltage) and re-engineered, selected according to the feeder automation programme.

Monitoring of malfunctioning currents, recording of current times, maximum current values, reporting of electrical stations, main distribution stations.

The electrical distribution station, the main distribution station, based on current failure information and switch jump information reported by the switches at DTU, conducted a failure area determination based on a dissipation model of the grid transform structure, indicating the area of failure, creating a failure quarantine order sequence and a non-facing area to restore the power supply order sequence. Automatically or manually cross-dispatch.

Operation locally

The DTU has a split, closed button to operate in situ.

There are on-site/remotely selected switches, maintenance of discharge buttons, etc.

Network function

When DTU is set as a contact switch, the switch is automatically controlled by the full value, depending on the state of the PT on either side or on the second side. Contacts are prohibited when there is electricity on both sides of the switch. Where there is a need for networking, the main station is set up and confirmed. When power is out of supply on one side, automatic locking is allowed, under the FA programme and the main station, to be automatically controlled in order to quickly restore the power supply.

Set value down, upload

Quick determination value, energy performance;

(a) The passover constant, time constant, energy performance;

(b) Re-engineered the time and energy;

Network functionality set, canceled.

Local maintenance functions

Debugging and maintenance using specialized maintenance software through standard communications maintenance interfaces on DTU.

These include parameter valuation configuration, inspection; telemetry, tele-mail, remote control, time-to-time test call; data upload, communications, etc.

Self-diagnosis, self-rehabilitation

It is self-diagnostic and records and reports the memory, clock, I/O, etc. of DTU as soon as they are detected.

Power UPS and battery maintenance functions

Provision of electricity for operating agencies, terminal equipment and communication devices.

DTU dual power supply, which is sustainable after the power outage on one side.

DTU is normally powered by the main power source, while batteries are recharged. DTU can continue to work for 24 hours (except for radio stations) when the power supply on both sides is out of power.

Battery low voltage alert protection.

03 Smart Change Terminal (TTU)

3.1 Definitions

TTU monitors and records the operation of electrical transformers, calculates the performance of voltage, current efficiency, power power, no power, power factor, power, power, power, power, etc., every 1 to 2 minutes, based on low pressure side three phase voltage and current sampling values, and records and maintains the whole point values of the above arrays for a period of time (one week or one month) and typical days, voltage, maximum current, minimum values and their occurrence, power interruption and recovery time, and records the data in the non-volatilization memory of the device and the content of the device at the time of the break. The main distribution station, through the telecommunications system, regularly reads TTU measurements and historical records, discovers operational problems such as overloading of transformers and power outages in a timely manner, analyses, statistically, on the basis of recorded data, the voltage pass rate, the reliability of power supply and load properties, and provides basic data for load prediction, distribution network planning and accident analysis. When communication conditions are not available, the records are read on site every other week or month using a handheld computer and are subsequently transferred to the main network station or other analytical system.

3.2 Characteristics

The monitoring and measurement of electrical power changes applied to electric power companies, county-level electric power companies, power plants, industrial and mining enterprises, military academies, rural and rural power stations, 100-500 KVA distribution transformer table changes, combined with electrical monitoring for linear loss and damage, can also provide the most realistic and accurate basis for decision-making to optimize low-voltage distribution networks through the GPRS communications network.

3.3 Functions

▪ Integrated four-in-one functions

The four functions of metrology, electrical quality monitoring, formulation performance monitoring and non-functional compensation are integrated.

♪ Smart incompetence ♪

Smart capacitors can be self-contained systems, capacitors automatically cut, and automatic failure compensation is achieved

Network flexibility

Follow the current regulations of the National Electricity Network and South Network's Change Monitoring System, facilitate access to the existing load management and distribution management systems of the electric power enterprise, provide complete information in real time on voltage, and independently form a non-functional real-time information system

• Simple engineering

A simple structure with few and clear internal connections, a modular configuration of capacitors, easier to install, maintain and better to optimize compensation capacity

04 Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)

4.1 Definitions

RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) is a remote detection and control unit unit that monitors and controls on-site signals, industrial equipment. Compared to the commonly used programmable controller PLC, RRU usually has excellent communication capacity and greater storage capacity, is suitable for worse temperature and humidity environments and provides additional computing functions. The RRU product has been used extensively in the SCADA system precisely because of its improved functionality.

Remote terminals (RTU) are electronic devices installed at remote sites to monitor and measure sensors and equipment installed at remote sites. RRU converts the measured state or signal into a data format that can be sent on the communication media. It also converts data from central computers to commands to achieve functional control of equipment.

4.2 Features

(1) Long communication distance;

(ii) Industrial sites for various types of environmental hazards;

(3) Module structured design to facilitate expansion;

(4) Extensive use of water in the fields of tele-communication, telemetry, remote control, electricity dispatch, municipal dispatch etc.

4.3 Functions

(1) Collection of state amounts and their transmission to a distance, with photo-separation and the priority transmission of tele-transformations;

(ii) Collecting data and transmitting it to a distance with photo-separation;

(3) the amount of direct collection system industrial frequency power to measure voltage, current, functional and non-functional and to send it to a distance, which can be calculated in reverse;

(iv) Collecting pulse measurements and sending them far away, with photo-separation;

(5) Receiving and executing remote control and returning to school;

(6) Self-recovery of proceedings;

(7) Self-diagnosis of equipment (failure diagnosis to plugin level);

(8) Self-revision of equipment;

(9) Channel surveillance;

(10) Receive and execute remote transfers;

(11) Receive and execute school time orders (including GPS matching);

(12) Communication with two or more main stations;

(13) Collect the sequence of events and send them to a distance;

(14) Provision of multiple digital interfaces and multiple simulation interfaces;

(15) Remote/local settings may be made for each interface feature;

(16) Provide a number of communications statutes, each of which can transmit data from different statutes based on remote/local settings;

(17) Accepts a remote command and chooses to send various types of information;

(18) Multiple substations can be relayed;

(19) Local display features, with separators for local interfaces;

(20) Support communication with equipment such as amplified frequency, microwave, satellite, carrier, etc.;

(21) The selection and simultaneous operation of multiple statutes, such as the DL451-91 CDT Statute, should support the POLLING Statute and other international standard statutes (e.g. the PNP 3.0, SC1801, 101 Statute);

(22) Remote configurations can be carried out through telecommunications networks and power system corridors.